Article:

Baltensweiler, W. & Fischlin, A., 1979. The role of migration for the population  
        dynamics of the larch bud moth, Zeiraphera diniana Gn. (Lep. Tortricidae).  
        Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges., 52: 259-271.

Abstract:

Moth flight of Z. diniana (defoliator of larch stands) was monitored during the last population cycle by means of pheromone and light traps in an area of approximately 20,000 km2. The relationship between larval density and male moth catch is quantified by means of the power function y = axb. Long range migration over several 100 km may contribute to the synchronization of outbreaks along the alpine arch, but this stochastic form of migration cannot influence the regularity of the cycles. This regularity appears to stem from regional migration phenomena; i.e., moths immigrate annually by positive anemotactic behavior from lower altitudes into the upper region of alpine mountain valleys. A verbal model of migration is outlined in view of simulation studies in the future.

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